Food Additives

What Are Food Additives? Why They are Used, Their Types, Benefits, Applications 

The journey of a food product from the factory to its final customer is significantly long. To ensure these products remain safe and in good condition the companies use approved food additives. These additives are of various types, some obtained from nature, and others created synthetically and approved by the food safety & regulatory authorities for safe use. Food additives are chemicals that are used by food manufacturing companies to enhance their taste, appearance, texture, and taste. They can be naturally derived from plants or animals and created synthetically to be used in food products. But how are they used? These additives are used in a similar way the other ingredients are used in limited quantities. 
 

Types of Food Additives Used Commonly
 

• Antioxidants

The condition of the food deteriorates with time as if it becomes rotten, deformed, and sour. Adding antioxidants to the process of manufacturing food products as an ingredient allows them to maintain their freshness for a long time and prevents changes in their appearance, such as color. Moreover, these additives inhibit the growth of bacteria which significantly harms the food. 

• Color Additives 

To add variety to food products many companies use natural or approved synthetic colors, which also offer them an attractive appearance. The company uses these colors to correct the natural colors of the product if there is a variation, as customers prefer and expect the same every time they have it. Moreover, adding unique colors to the product is one of the oldest marketing tricks to attract unique customers. 

• Emulsifiers

Emulsifiers are one of the essential food additives used in the food manufacturing process to mix the ingredients well that are normally hard to mix. They also enhance the physical properties of the product like improving fluffiness. Not only this, but emulsifiers also help to keep food fresh for a long time which extends the shelf life. 

• Flavor Enhancers (MSG) 

Additives like MSG or yeast help improve the texture of the food which makes them more delicious. It works by enhancing the natural flavors of the dish and allows the companies to add more varieties to their products. These enhancers are required in very low quantities and significantly lower the excess salt content. 

• Preservatives

Preservatives are one of the essential food additives that are used in preparations so that the food doesn't spoil or get rotten for sufficient time. Deterioration of food products with time affects the whole industry causing them to have significant losses. But with good quality preservatives, the companies can prevent spoilage and increase the shelf life of their products, that too with the same taste and flavor.

• Sweeteners 

Artificial sweeteners are used in food & beverage products to make them tastier. These are more intense than natural sugar and make the dishes or drinks more delicious than ever. Moreover, if you are concerned about the authenticity, these additives are approved as per food & safety regulations. Also, the specific kinds of sweeteners can fulfill other roles like preserving food, enhancing taste and flavor, fermentation, etc. 

• Stabilizers and thickeners

Stabilizers and thickeners are essential additives that are used to stabilize the ingredients, improve their appearance, provide consistent quality, and increase the shelf life of the food products. They work best for bakery products where fluffiness and soft texture are essentially required. Also, it is unique but these additives also improve the eating quality of the dishes so that they feel better to our taste buds. 

• Leavening Agents

These types of additives are most commonly used in the food industry to increase the volume of food products. When added as an ingredient it helps the batter to expand and puff up even more, which increases the volume of the final products. Also, with expansion, the texture of the food also enhances to soft and fluffiness. 

• Anti-Caking Agents

Anti-caking agents are the food additives that allow the powdery food products to flow freely for a better cooking experience and make food more delicious. It enhances the property of powdery ingredients to flow at the time of mixing and baking. This way it becomes very easy to store and handle the powdery items. 

• Enzyme Preparations

These types of additives are mainly used in the preparation of cereal foods for enhancing its processing and overall quality. After the use of these enzymes the texture, flavor and taste of the food products get better. These enzymes even improve the fermentation process in making special wines. Another two important reasons why enzymes are used commonly is that they help to increase yield and help to detect foodborne diseases. 
 

Major Benefits of Using Food Additives 
 

• Enhances Texture and Appearance 

Food manufacturing companies use additives including stabilizers and emulsifiers to improve the appearance and texture of the food products. With this, the dish becomes even more appealing to the customers and creates a positive impression in their minds. Also, these additives help bind the ingredients effectively and prevent the separation that enhances their tastes. 

• Flavor Enhancement

Flavor enhancements are most commonly used in a wide range of food products including bakery items, as they help enhance the flavor and sweetening of the products. Basically, they make every dish so enjoyable that customers always remember to try again. 

• Nutrient Enhancement

Not every food item is good for health but it can be enriched with nutrition with the help of nutrient-enhancing additives. These are most commonly used for customers who are health conscious and prefer to consume items with high nutritional value. 

• Convenience

Some of the products are very complex to make as their ingredients are not easy to handle and prepare. Additives like anti-cake agents and thickeners are used to make ingredients more effective like transforming powdery food ingredients to free-flowing. 

• Stabilizers

Customers always want their favorite food item to have the same flavor and taste every time they try it. For this, the stabilizers are used to maintain its structure and food quality evenly, from the first batch to the last. Moreover, the companies cannot afford to have a major change in the texture of their products so they use these stabilizers to enhance their physical properties. 

• Thickeners

Thickeners are another most commonly used additives that help to improve the viscosity of the food ingredients. With this, the food items become more appealing to the customers and are easy to consume. Also, the texture like the softness or hardness of the food gets enhanced during the process which also makes the customers want them more. 

• Preservation

Food additives such as preservatives help companies to mass produce food products and preserve them effectively for a long time. This affects the whole industry as the shelf life of the product increases with it. From manufacturer to distributor to the final customer the journey takes time and preservatives help keep the products fresh. 

• Safety

With time food becomes spoiled and rotten with the growth of bacteria and other kinds of contaminants. The food additives including antioxidants help to prevent the growth of such contaminants and keep the items fresh for a long time to consume safely.
 

Natural vs. Synthetic Food Additives 
 

Natural and synthetic food additives are both used as ingredients in the preparation of a variety of food products. But there is a major difference in how they are obtained, work, react, and affect the food. Natural additives are compounds that are obtained from minerals, animals, and plants. Whereas, the synthetic ones are prepared with chemicals in labs and mimic the same as natural ones. 
 

Examples-
 

Colorants: Natural colorants include beet juice, turmeric, chlorophyll, etc. They help change or correct the color of the food products to help add varieties. Synthetic ones include tartrazine (yellow), and allura red AC.

Preservatives: These additives include sugar, salt, vinegar, etc. that prevent the growth of bacteria and other types of contaminants and keep them fresh for long hours. Whereas the synthetic ones that are produced in the lab include sodium benzoate which does the same job. 

Flavor enhancers: Natural flavor enhancers include vanilla, herbs, spices, etc., that improve the flavor and texture of taste which feels good to the taste buds. Their synthetic replacements are monosodium glutamate (MSG), which also helps to improve flavor and texture. 

Sweeteners: Both synthetic and natural sweeteners are more intense than the sugar itself. Natural ones include honey, maple syrup, whole fruits, coconut sugar, etc. and their synthetic replacements are aspartame, saccharin, etc.  

Difference Between Natural & Synthetic Food Additives 

Source: Natural additives are derived from plants, animals, and minerals, whereas synthetic ones are prepared using chemicals in labs. 

Cost: As natural additives take a lot of effort to retrieve and take resources and technology to process, they are noticeably expensive. On the other hand, synthetic ones are easily found and are cheaper. 

Lifespan: Natural additives have a shorter shelf life and are used in products that are sourced daily including bakery products. Synthetic additives have a long lifespan and help to increase the shelf life of the products. 

Safety: Most of the consumers in the market consider the natural ones more safe to consume with no side effects. Whereas the companies use only approved synthetic additives with no side effects. But it takes certain tests to have clarity. 

Advantages & Disadvantages of Using Natural Food Additives

Safe to Consume: Majority of the consumers prefer food products that have natural food additives, as they believe they will have no side effects. 

Health Benefits: Some natural additives like turmeric, can provide multiple health benefits to the body. Turmeric is used as a natural colorant in many products to provide a yellow color. 

Eco-Friendly: Natural additives are derived from plants, minerals, and animals, which is why they help make the food manufacturing process eco-friendly. Moreover, they are biodegradable and can easily break down in the environment without leaving toxic traces. 

Reduced Shelf Life: Although they have great health benefits and no side effects. The company finds that they have a shorter life span and reduce the shelf life of their food products. 

Expensive: Natural additives are highly costly to source and take a lot of effort to produce, which is why they make the food manufacturing process a lot more expensive. 

Effectiveness: Natural additives are supposedly less effective in extreme temperatures that disturb the physical properties of the products including taste, texture, and flavor. 

Advantages & Disadvantages of Synthetic Food Additives

Availability: Synthetic additives are produced in labs with chemicals that’s why they are easy to source and have all-time availability. 

Quality: As these additives are designed in labs their intensity and effectiveness can be modified to the highest levels to provide the best and consistent quality. 

Shelf Life: Synthetic additives are produced to last longer and maintain the quality until the product is consumed. This is why they are preferred for producing many items to have a long shelf life. 

Affordable: Synthetic additives are easy and cheaper to produce and source this is why they make the food product much more affordable. This way the expensive food items can also be available to common people with more affordability. 

Excess Consumption: As these additives are produced with chemical compounds they may affect health negatively when consumed in excess. 

Environmental Effects: Synthetic additives are made through processes or materials that are not environmentally friendly which raises the question about their disposal, which can be harmful to nature.