Xcd Polymer

XCD PolymerFED ZAN DFED ZAN D xanthan gum is high-molecular weight biopolymer used for increasing viscosity in water-base systems. Small quantities provide viscosity and weight material suspension for all water-base mud system. FED ZAN D has the unique ability to produce a fluid that is highly shear thinning and thixotropicTypical Physical PropertiesPhysical appearance-Cream-to-tanpowder specificGravity- 1.5 BulkDensity- 50 Ib/ft3 (800 kg/m3)Applications


The
primary function of FED ZAN D is to increase viscosity for cuttings
transport and suspension. FED ZAN D will perform effectively in all
water-base fluids,
from highly weighted to low-solids systems. This includes freshwater,
seawater, salt and heavy-brine systems. FED ZAN D works to provide an
optimized
rheological profile with elevated low-shear-rate viscosity and highly
shear thinning characteristics with low "n" values. These
characteristics frequently
result in fluids with inverted flow properties, i.e., the yield point
being greater than the plastic viscosity. Shear thinning fluids have
low effective viscosities at the high shear rates encountered inside
the drillstring and at the bit This low effective viscosity for
minimal pressure losses and standpipe pressures allows optimized
hydraulics and maximized rats of penetrations. Conversely, at the low
shear rates experienced in the annulus, FED ZAN D enables the fluid
to have a high effective viscosity for adequately cleaning the well
and suspending cuttings. FED ZAN D should be added slowly
through
the hopper to prevent lumping and minimize waste. It should be added
at the rate of approximately one 25-lb sack every 7 minutes. The time
required
for the product to yield its ultimate viscosity depends on salinity,
temperature and shear. The amount of FED ZAN D required will depend
upon the
desired viscosity. Normal concentrations range from 0.25 to 2 lb/bbl
(0.71 to 5.7 kg/m3) for most mud systems. Special fluids and
difficult hole-cleaning conditions may require higher
concentrations-up to 4 lb/bbl (11.4 kg/m3). The addition of salt, an
antioxidant and thermal stabilizers will improve
temperature stability in fluids from 250 to >280OF
(121 to 138OC).
Specially formulated systems have been used at temperatures of 400OF
(204OC)
FED ZAN D is subject to bacterial degradation, and treatments with a
biocide are recommended to prevent fermentation
AdvantagesHighly effective viscosifier; small treatments produce significant resultsShear-thinning rheological profile for improved hydraulicsMinimum frictional pressure losses for additional hydraulic horsepower at the bit and low, high-shear-rate viscosity for maximum penetration ratesViscous laminar flow in the annulus for improved wellbore stability with maximum hole-cleaning and suspension capacityEasy to mixLimitationsTrivalent ions such as chromium and iron may cause biopolymer precipitation and loss of viscosity or crosslinkingNot tolerant of high-pH or high calcium-ion conditionsFED ZAN D systems should be pretreated with either sodium bicarbonate or SAPP and possibly citric acid prior to drilling cementSubject to bacterial degradation, a biocide should be used to prevent fermentationSlightly anionic nature of FED ZAN D required special mixing procedures when mixed with cationic materialsToxicity and HandlingBioassay information is available upon request. Handle as an industrial chemical, wearing protective requirement and observing the precautions as described in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). FED ZAN D has excellent environmental acceptabilityPackaging and StorageFED ZAN D is packaged in 25-Ib (11.3-kg) plastic-lined, multiwall, paper sacks. Store in a dry location away from sources of heat or ignition and minimize dust.