Transformer & Transformer Components

Transformer & Transformer Parts And Its Function
 

Introduction 

If you need to move electricity from one circuit to another without affecting the frequency of the electricity, you need a transformer. As a means of reducing the amount of energy lost in transmission, it can be used to either increase or decrease the voltage in a circuit.

Parts & Functions

1. Radiator & Fans

In order to dissipate the heat produced by the core and windings, the hot oil is circulated through a system of cooling tubes.

2. Explosion Vent 

The explosion vent's primary role is to prevent the power transformer from exploding should pressure in the main tank rise dangerously high as a result of severe internal malfunctions.

3. Breather

The breather's primary role is to provide dry, ambient air to the conservator tank throughout the transformer's thermal cycling.

4. Oil Conservator 

The oil conservator tank is there to make sure there's enough room for the oil in the transformer to expand and contract as needed due to the fluctuating temperature of the oil in the main tank.

5. Buchholz Relay

Whether it's a short circuit fault, an inter-turn fault, or anything else, the Buchholz relay is there to keep the transformer safe.

6. Tap Changer 

To adjust the transformer's output voltage, a tap changer modifies the turn ratio.

7. Transformer Oil 

In addition to cooling the device, the chemical characteristics and high dielectric strength of transformer oil serve to insulate the windings.

8. Terminals and Bushings 

As insulators, bushings are often fabricated from porcelain or epoxy resins. The wires that go between the terminals and the windings can travel through them without fear of damage.

9. Windings

Each winding is made up of many bundles of copper coil turns that are joined to one another. Both the input-output supply and the voltage range can influence the choice of windings. Primary and secondary windings are the input and output windings of a transformer, respectively, and are categorized based on supply. However, windings can be broken down into high-voltage windings and low-voltage windings according to the voltage range over which they operate.

10. Main Tank 

They have integrated cooling tubes and lifting eyes for easy transport. Aluminum sheets are being used instead of steel plates to reduce overall weight and stray loss.

11. Cooling Tubes

For the purpose of keeping the oil in a transformer at a manageable temperature, cooling tubes are employed. It's possible for the oil in the transformer to move about on its own, or for the circulation to be pushed. With natural circulation, when the oil heats up, the hot oil rises to the top, and the cold oil sinks to the bottom; with forced circulation, a perpetual pump is utilized.

Different Types of Transformer Parts
 

Through electromagnetic induction, transformers are used to move electricity from one circuit to another. Step-up and step-down voltage converters are utilized for those purposes. Transformers are complex devices that rely on the coordinated efforts of their many individual pieces to perform their intended tasks. This consists of the windings, Buchholz Relay, transformer oil, tap changer, insulating materials, conservator, breather, core, cooling tubes, and explosion vent. A transformer's core, windings, insulating materials, and transformer oil are standard in all except the largest of transformers (often those with a KVA rating of 50 or above).

Function of Transformer

Voltage can be "stepped down" with a transformer to lower it, or "stepped up" to raise it. With the help of transformers, we can get the power we need, when we need it. As electricity goes from a power plant to a residence, business, or other location, transformers step in to increase the voltage and frequency of the current.  A portion of the electricity that leaves a power plant and travels through transmission cables is lost. In order to minimize energy loss, utilities employ extremely high voltage. Multiple transformer kinds are utilized along the trip. Transformers increase the voltage of energy so that it may be transmitted safely and effectively as it leaves a power plant. Energy is sometimes amplified to hundreds of volts as it leaves the power plant. 

Transmission stations are the last stop for electricity before it is reduced to safe levels by transformers and control equipment. Transmission line voltage is lowered even further by Transformer & Transformer Components mounted on utility poles along the route. When power is transmitted to a building, it is reduced to 120 V by a step-down transformer. Some appliances and outlets will work with a voltage of 120 V. Many electronic equipment, including computers, require a DC power source, so an adapter may be necessary.

Finally, transformers are used to reduce the voltage before it enters your home. Your home's "step-down" transformer reduces the 440-volt electricity from the power cables to the safer 120-volt level. Either the current is used directly, as in the case of light bulbs, or it is converted to direct current (DC) by means of an alternating current to a direct current (AC/DC) adapter, as in the case of laptop computers.

Transformer Applications

1. Ammeters or Current Transformers 

Transformers are essential to the general operation of ammeters, voltmeters, and other measuring gadgets and devices. An ammeter is a device that measures the amount of current flowing through a circuit in real-time. There are two ways to connect ammeters to a circuit: in series if the current is relatively small, or through a measuring type current transformer if the current is large.

2. Coolant 

A cooling effect can be produced by using a transformer in its air-dry configuration. Refrigerators can make efficient use of transformers' ability to produce a cooling effect by storing perishables at cool, steady temperatures.

3. Audio Transfer 

An audio transformer is a type of electrical transformer used to match the impedance values of the source and the load and to isolate the signals traveling through the circuits. Audio transformers are commonly found in microphones, loudspeakers, audio amplifiers, and other similar devices.

4. Controlling The Flow of Electricity Via A Circuit 

When a user needs complete control over the direction of current in a circuit but doesn't want to rely on switches or breaker panels, a transformer can be used instead. Therefore, a transformer can be used to turn on or off any electronic device.

5. Electrolysis 

Typically, transformers are used in the operation of electrolysis, which is a chemical engineering application. Electrolysis, in its simplest form, is the process of separating a homogeneous or non-homogeneous mixture of elements and compounds by dissociating ionic substances into simpler substances.

6. Steel Manufacturing 

Transformers are widely used in commercial applications, and one obvious place to see them in action is in steel mills. The steelmaking process involves the essential steps of melting, welding, molding, and cooling the raw material. While a high-magnitude current is needed for melting and welding the elements, a lower-magnitude current is preferred for cooling them down.

7. Charging Batteries 

To add to the long list of commonplace uses for transformers, consider the act of charging a battery. To charge a battery, electrons must be sent from an electrical generator to the battery itself.

8. Alternating Current Regulation 

The term "alternating current" refers to a type of electric current whose magnitude and direction alternate at regular intervals in time. An alternating current's full waveform can be simplified to a peak and trough. Here, the peak represents the largest signal amplitude, or largest current value, while the trough represents the smallest signal amplitude or smallest current magnitude.

9. Air Conditioner 

Another commonplace device that relies on transformers for basic functionality is the air conditioner. The transformer in an AC unit performs a number of important tasks, such as regulating the amount of power flowing through the circuit board, allowing the fan and AC to run at the same time, and transforming the magnitude of the voltage delivered by the circuit to the AC unit to the optimal value desired by the user.

10. Stabilizer 

Another common real-world application for transformers is in stabilization circuits. In order to ensure the safe operation of electrical appliances that require high current or voltage, a stabilizer circuit is typically connected to them. Primarily, a stabilizer circuit converts the signal from a household power source into a signal that is roughly equivalent to the ideal electrical demands of the system.

11. Optimize The Voltage Levels

The primary function of a transformer is to regulate the voltage levels in a circuit. To achieve this goal, transformers often amplify or reduce a portion of the input signal value to produce an output of the required magnitude.

FAQs: Transformer & Transformer Components
 

Q. What is a transformer used for?

Ans. A transformer is a machine that changes the voltage of an alternating current circuit so that it can be used in another circuit, or in many circuits with different voltage requirements.

Q. Does a transformer work with ac or dc?

Ans. Because of its construction, a transformer can only be used with alternating current (AC) and not direct current (DC).

Q. What are the industrial applications of transformers?

Ans. Biochemical, aerospace, manufacturing industries, and telecommunication are the industries where transformers are widely used for generating electricity, decreasing the voltage of power circuits, and charging heavy batteries. 

Q. How can we get details of transformer manufacturers and suppliers in India?

Ans. Trade India is a perfect setup to get true detail about transformer manufacturers and brands in India. It has a wide range of suppliers all over India.